Embedded Programming
Writing software for microcontrollers: bare-metal code, interrupts, real-time operating systems and direct hardware access.
Embedded software runs on devices with limited memory and no screen, must react to the physical world in real time, and often has to run for years without crashing. It is usually written in C or C++, sometimes MicroPython or Rust.
Sub-topics (4)
Bare-Metal Programming
Program the microcontroller directly, without an operating system — a super-loop plus interrupts.
Interrupts and ISRs
Hardware events pause the main program and run a short Interrupt Service Routine immediately.
Real-Time Operating Systems
An RTOS runs multiple tasks with priorities and guaranteed timing on a microcontroller.
Memory-Mapped I/O
Peripherals are controlled by reading and writing special memory addresses called registers.
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