C++
C with classes, templates and a rich standard library — used for games, high-performance software and modern embedded systems.
C++ keeps C's speed and low-level control and adds object-oriented programming, generic programming (templates), automatic resource management (RAII), and the Standard Template Library. Arduino sketches are actually C++.
Sub-topics (10)
C++ vs C
What C++ adds to C, and what stays the same.
References in C++
A reference is another name for an existing variable — safer and cleaner than a pointer for passing arguments.
Classes and Objects in C++
Define your own types with data members, member functions and access control.
Inheritance in C++
Derive new classes from existing ones to reuse code and model "is-a" relationships.
Operator Overloading
Give operators like +, == and << meaning for your own types.
Templates
Write code once that works with many types — the basis of the STL.
Standard Template Library
Ready-made containers, iterators and algorithms that cover most data-handling needs.
Smart Pointers
unique_ptr and shared_ptr manage heap memory automatically — no manual delete.
RAII
Resource Acquisition Is Initialisation: tie every resource to an object's lifetime.
Lambda Expressions in C++
Inline anonymous functions that can capture surrounding variables.
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