Traction Motors and Drives

PMSM and induction motors with inverters provide the torque, regenerative braking and efficiency EVs need.

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Most EVs use permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) — highest efficiency and power density — while some use induction motors (no rare-earth magnets) or BLDC hub motors (e-scooters and e-rickshaws).

The traction inverter (IGBT or SiC MOSFET) converts pack DC into three-phase AC with field-oriented control:

constant-torque region up to base speed;
constant-power (field-weakening) region above it.

Regenerative braking runs the motor as a generator, returning energy to the battery and extending range by roughly 10–25 % in city driving, depending on the vehicle and route.

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