Sequential Circuits
Circuits with memory: outputs depend on inputs and on stored state, usually updated on a clock edge.
Easy
Sequential logic stores state in latches and flip-flops. Almost all digital systems are synchronous: every flip-flop updates on the same clock edge, which makes timing predictable.
Sub-topics (4)
Latches and Flip-Flops
SR latches, D latches and edge-triggered D, JK and T flip-flops.
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Counters
Chains of flip-flops that count clock pulses — asynchronous (ripple) or synchronous.
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Shift Registers
Flip-flops in a chain that shift data one position per clock — converting serial to parallel and back.
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Finite State Machines
Model sequential behaviour as states and transitions — Moore and Mealy machines.
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