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Norton's Theorem

Any linear two-terminal network can be replaced by a current source in parallel with a resistance.

Easy
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  • INI_N — the short-circuit current at the terminals.
  • RN=RthR_N = R_{th}.

Thevenin and Norton equivalents convert into each other by source transformation:

Vth=INRNV_{th} = I_N R_N

Norton's form is handy for parallel loads and for transistor models (a current source with an output resistance).

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