Electrical Measurements
Instruments and methods for measuring voltage, current, power, energy, resistance and insulation.
Accurate measurement underpins billing, protection, testing and maintenance. Every measurement has errors — systematic (calibration, loading) and random — which are quantified by accuracy class and uncertainty.
Sub-topics (5)
Measurement Errors and Accuracy
Accuracy, precision, resolution and types of error in measurements.
Measuring Instruments
PMMC, moving iron and digital instruments — how analog and digital meters work.
Power and Energy Measurement
Wattmeters measure power; energy meters integrate it over time for billing.
Bridges for Measuring R, L and C
Wheatstone, Kelvin, Maxwell and Schering bridges measure component values by balancing.
Insulation Resistance Testing
Megger tests check that insulation between conductors and earth is healthy.
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