Smart Pointers

unique_ptr and shared_ptr manage heap memory automatically — no manual delete.

Intermediate

#include <memory>

auto sensor = std::make_unique<Dht22>();       // sole owner, freed automatically
auto config = std::make_shared<Config>();      // reference-counted shared owner
std::weak_ptr<Config> watcher = config;        // observes without owning

unique_ptr — one owner, zero overhead, can be moved but not copied.
shared_ptr — many owners; freed when the last one goes away.
weak_ptr — breaks reference cycles.

Modern C++ rarely uses raw new and delete.

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