Universal Motors
Series-wound commutator motors that run on AC or DC — high speed for mixers and power tools.
Easy
Because the field and armature are in series, both reverse together on AC and torque stays in the same direction. Universal motors give high speed (10 000–30 000 rpm) and high starting torque in a small size — found in mixer-grinders, vacuum cleaners and drills. Drawbacks: brush wear, noise and sparking (EMI), and speed varies strongly with load.
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