Core Scientific Libraries
NumPy, SciPy, SymPy, pandas, Polars and friends.
This is an overview — pick a sub-topic below.
Sub-topics (20)
SciPy
Scientific algorithms on top of NumPy: optimisation, integration, interpolation, signal processing, statistics, sparse matrices.
SymPy
Symbolic mathematics in pure Python.
mpmath
Arbitrary-precision floating-point arithmetic (thousands of digits if needed).
pandas
DataFrames for loading, cleaning, grouping and analysing tabular data.
Polars
A very fast DataFrame library (Rust) with lazy, multi-threaded queries.
PyArrow
Apache Arrow for Python: columnar in-memory data and fast Parquet/Feather I/O.
Xarray
Labelled N-dimensional arrays — like pandas for multi-dimensional data (time × lat × lon).
Dask
Scales NumPy/pandas-style work to larger-than-memory data and clusters.
Vaex
Out-of-core DataFrames for billions of rows using memory mapping and lazy evaluation.
Numba
A JIT compiler that turns numeric Python loops into fast machine code with one decorator.
JAX
NumPy-like arrays with automatic differentiation, JIT compilation and GPU/TPU execution.
CuPy
A NumPy-compatible array library that runs on NVIDIA (and AMD) GPUs.
Array API Standard
A common specification so code can run unchanged on NumPy, CuPy, JAX or PyTorch arrays.
NumExpr and Bottleneck
Speed up array expressions (NumExpr) and moving-window/NaN-aware functions (Bottleneck).
sparse
N-dimensional sparse arrays compatible with NumPy, for data that is mostly zeros.
Zarr, h5py and PyTables
Store large arrays on disk in chunks: Zarr (cloud-friendly), HDF5 via h5py or PyTables.
Pint and uncertainties
Pint attaches physical units to numbers; uncertainties propagates measurement errors.
Astropy (overview)
The core astronomy library — units, coordinates, time, FITS files and cosmology.
statsmodels
Statistical models with rich summaries: regression, ANOVA, time-series (ARIMA), hypothesis tests.
SageMath
A free mathematics system built on Python, bundling SymPy, PARI, GAP, Maxima and more.
Spotted a mistake or want to add detail? Suggest an improvement — Content Contributors' edits are reviewed by editors before they go live.
Discussion (0)
Sign in or join free to ask questions and discuss this topic.