Built-in Functions
The ~70 functions available everywhere without importing anything — from print() and len() to eval() and super().
Built-ins are implemented in C and are fast. Knowing them well removes the need for many hand-written loops.
Sub-topics (6)
Output, Input and Inspection
print, input, len, type, help, repr, id, hash, dir and friends.
Types and Conversion
Constructors for the core types: int, float, complex, str, bool, list, tuple, set, dict.
Iteration Helpers
range, enumerate, zip, map, filter, sorted, reversed, iter and next.
Math Helpers
sum, min, max, abs, round, pow, divmod, any and all.
Objects and Attributes
open, super, property, classmethod, staticmethod, isinstance, issubclass and the attribute helpers.
Dynamic Code Execution
eval, exec and compile run Python code from strings — powerful and dangerous.
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