Embedded and IoT Concepts
Interfacing software with the physical world.
This is an overview — pick a sub-topic below.
Sub-topics (10)
GPIO Programming
Read buttons and drive LEDs, relays and motors through general-purpose I/O pins.
Serial Communication (UART)
Send bytes over TX/RX lines — the simplest link to Arduinos, GPS modules and many sensors.
I2C, SPI, CAN and Modbus
Buses for connecting chips and devices: I2C (two wires, addresses), SPI (fast, chip-select), CAN (vehicles/industry), Modbus (industrial instruments).
PWM, ADC and DAC
Simulate analog output with pulses (PWM), read analog voltages (ADC), and output true analog voltages (DAC).
Sensors and Actuators
Read temperature, distance, motion and light; drive motors, servos, displays and buzzers.
Edge AI and TinyML
Run ML models on small devices — Raspberry Pi, Jetson, even microcontrollers.
Home Automation and Smart Devices
Control lights, fans and sensors at home or in a lab.
Industrial IoT and Wireless Protocols
Connect factory equipment (Modbus, OPC UA) and wireless devices (BLE, Zigbee, LoRa).
Firmware Communication and Device Drivers
Talk to custom firmware via defined protocols, and write Python drivers for new chips from datasheet register maps.
Lab Instrument Automation
Control oscilloscopes, power supplies and multimeters from Python.
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