Embedded Interfaces and Protocols
Buses and links between chips, boards and systems. GPIO, UART, I2C, SPI, CAN, RS-485/Modbus, USB and One-Wire have their own pages in Electronics → Communication Protocols.
This is an overview — pick a sub-topic below.
Sub-topics (12)
USART
Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter — a UART that can also run with a clock line.
I3C
MIPI's successor to I2C: faster (12.5 MHz+), in-band interrupts, dynamic addressing, backwards compatible with many I2C devices.
CAN FD
CAN with Flexible Data-rate: up to 64-byte payloads and faster data phase (2–8 Mbit/s).
LIN Bus
Low-cost single-wire automotive bus (up to 20 kbit/s) for windows, mirrors and seats.
Ethernet for Embedded
Wired networking via an on-chip MAC + external PHY, or SPI Ethernet chips (W5500, ENC28J60).
I2S
Serial bus for digital audio between MCUs, codecs, DACs and MEMS microphones.
SDIO
Interface for SD cards and Wi-Fi modules, faster than SPI mode.
QSPI
Quad SPI: four data lines for fast external flash; memory-mapped mode lets code execute from external flash (XIP).
RS-232
The classic serial standard with ±3–15 V signalling, mostly between PCs and instruments.
PCIe in Embedded Systems
High-speed serial expansion bus for SSDs, Wi-Fi cards and accelerators on embedded processors.
MIPI Interfaces
Mobile industry interfaces: CSI-2 (cameras), DSI (displays), plus I3C and others.
LVDS
Low-Voltage Differential Signalling: fast, low-noise, low-power differential links.
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